Recovery of Recombinant Avian Paramyxovirus Type-3 Strain Wisconsin by Reverse Genetics and Its Evaluation as a Vaccine Vector for Chickens.

Mohamed A Elbehairy,Sunil K Khattar,Siba K Samal

doi:10.3390/v13020316

Abstract

A reverse genetic system for avian paramyxovirus type-3 (APMV-3) strain Wisconsin was created and the infectious virus was recovered from a plasmid-based viral antigenomic cDNA. Green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene was cloned into the recombinant APMV-3 genome as a foreign gene. Stable expression of GFP by the recovered virus was confirmed for at least 10 consecutive passages. APMV-3 strain Wisconsin was evaluated against APMV-3 strain Netherlands and APMV-1 strain LaSota as a vaccine vector. The three viral vectors expressing GFP as a foreign protein were compared for level of GFP expression level, growth rate in chicken embryo fibroblast (DF-1) cells, and tissue distribution and immunogenicity in specific pathogen-free (SPF) day-old chickens. APMV-3 strain Netherlands showed highest growth rate and GFP expression level among the three APMV vectors in vitro. APMV-3 strain Wisconsin and APMV-1 strain LaSota vectors were mainly confined to the trachea after vaccination of day-old SPF chickens without any observable pathogenicity, whereas APMV-3 strain Netherlands showed wide tissue distribution in different body organs (brain, lungs, trachea, and spleen) with mild observable pathogenicity. In terms of immunogenicity, both APMV-3 strain-vaccinated groups showed HI titers two to three fold higher than that induced by APMV-1 strain LaSota vaccinated group. This study offers a novel paramyxovirus vector (APMV-3 strain Wisconsin) which can be used safely for vaccination of young chickens as an alternative for APMV-1 strain LaSota vector.

Highlights

The family Paramyxoviridae contains pleomorphic, enveloped viruses with a nonsegmented, negative-sense RNA genome
In the latest International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) classification avian paramyxoviruses (APMVs)-1 was placed in genus Orthoavulavirus, while avian paramyxovirus type-3 (APMV-3) was placed in genus Metaavulavirus [2,3]
APMV-3 strain Netherlands expressing Ebola virus glycoprotein was found to elicit mucosal and humoral immune responses against the Ebola virus glycoprotein in guinea pigs [22]. These results indicate that the recombinant APMV-3 strain Netherlands has great potential as a vaccine vector for veterinary and human uses

Summary

Introduction

The family Paramyxoviridae contains pleomorphic, enveloped viruses with a nonsegmented, negative-sense RNA genome. Members of this family have been isolated from a wide variety of avian and mammalian species around the world, which includes many important human, animal and avian pathogens [1]. The family Paramyxoviridae is divided into four subfamilies; Avulavirinae, Orthoparamyxovirinae, Metaparamyxovirinae and Rubulavirinae [2]. All avian paramyxoviruses (APMVs) are placed under the subfamily. Avulavirinae in three genera: Orthoavulavirus, Metaavulavirus, and Paraavulavirus. There are twenty officially recognized APMV species. In the latest International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) classification APMV-1 was placed in genus Orthoavulavirus, while APMV-3 was placed in genus Metaavulavirus [2,3]

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Conclusion