Abstract
Excess phosphate (PO43-) and ammonium (NH4+) in wastewater can cause environmental damages, such as pollutants and eutrophication in water. Dairy cow urine is a dangerous liquid waste that contains high amounts of phosphate and ammonium. The removal of PO4 and NH4 components can be done by crystallizing them into struvite fertilizers. Struvite (MgNH4PO4.6H2O) is a mineral formed from magnesium, ammonium, and phosphate with the equimolar ratio. The crystallization process of struvite is carried out using a vertical reactor. MAP solution (magnesium ammonium phosphate) is prepared by reacting MgCl2, H3PO4, and dairy cow urine with MAP molar ratio of 1 : 1 : 1 and KOH 1N. The study run in pH 8; 8.5; 9; 9.5; 10 and temperature variations of 25, 30, 35, 40, 45˚C in vertical reactor continuously. The struvite precipitate was filtered and dried, it is analyzed by XRF to determine the struvite composition and SEM to determine the morphology of the struvite. The results showed that the best percentage of phosphate and ammonium was at 45˚C and pH 9.5, it was 33.2% and 27.9%.
Highlights
The presence of high amounts of phosphate (PO43-) and ammonium (NH4+) compounds in wastewater causes serious environmental problems
Ammonium and phosphate content is large enough to make cow urine can be used as fertilizer struvite
Struvite is a mineral formed from magnesium, ammonium, and phosphate with the equimolar ratio
Summary
The presence of high amounts of phosphate (PO43-) and ammonium (NH4+) compounds in wastewater causes serious environmental problems. One example of waste that contains high concentrations of phosphate and ammonium is dairy cow urine [3]. Ammonium and phosphate content is large enough to make cow urine can be used as fertilizer struvite. International Journal of Eco-Innovation in Science and Engineering Vol 01 (2), 2020 form if concentrations of magnesium, ammonium, and phosphate in solution exceed the solubility product (Ksp). The waste is mixed with reactants containing other struvite-forming elements, flowed into the crystallization reactor. The addition of excess magnesium can increase removal efficiency in this process, and can reduce the purity of struvite formed [9]. The aeration process is used to release or dissolved ammonium from solution. Research on the formation of struvite using an aeration process can remove a maximum of 83.7% of phosphate [7]
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