Abstract
Chemical and metallurgical industries produce as well as discharge a huge quantity of effluents containing free nitric acid along with different metal nitrates to the environment. Disposal of such effluents with high nitrate ion concentration is a serious and global problem. Recovery and reuse of free nitric acid present in such effluents may solve this problem to an extent. Free nitric acid from aqueous solution can be recovered by solvent extraction. In previous studies, such attempts were made and Tri-Butyl Phosphate (TBP) was used as solvent for this purpose, but TBP has some limitations.
Highlights
Nitrate contamination in drinking water is a serious and global problem
The purpose of the present study is to find a suitable solvent which can extract nitric acid from effluent containing free nitric acid in presence of various metal nitrates
In the present study experiments were conducted to study the recovery of nitric acid (HNO3) from aqueous nitric acid solution of different initial concentrations (1-4 M) and containing metal ions viz. Na+ (10 g/l) and Mg2+ (10 g/l); By using four different solvents viz., Methyl Iso-Butyl Ketone (MIBK), Di-(2-EthylHexyl) Phosphoric Acid (D2EHPA), Tributyl Phosphate (TBP) and Tetra-Octyl-Di-Glycol Amide (TODGA). 70% AR grade nitric acid, AR grade sodium nitrate, (c) AR grade magnesium nitrate and distilled water were used to prepare feed solution
Summary
Nitrate contamination in drinking water is a serious and global problem. Nitrate contamination of drinking water causes methemoglobinemia; a disease, which causes the reduction in oxygen-bearing capacity of blood. Nitrate contamination in foods and drinking water; beyond permissible limit causes cancer. World Health Organization (WHO) has set the limit of nitrate ion concentration in drinking water as 44 mg/l (ppm) whereas; the nitrate ion concentration in the nitrate bearing effluents is of the order of 30-200 g/l. Regulatory boards in different names in different countries; set the maximum permissible limit for discharge of nitrate ion in effluent which is the same order that set by WHO. In the United States the discharge limit of nitrate is 44 mg/l, in Europe this limit is 50 mg/l whereas, in India it is 44.3 mg/l for the inland surface water discharge
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