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Abstract
Excess sulfuric acid which is needed for the leaching process of spent lithium-ion batteries is commonly neutralized generating significant waste streams. This research aims to extract and recover sulfuric acid using tri-n-octylamine as an extraction agent. 1-octanol, 2-ethylhexanol, and tributyl phosphate are investigated as synergetic extractants and phase modifiers. An equilibrium study is carried out on both, sulfuric acid and leachate. The equilibrium constant and the stoichiometric coefficient for the overall equilibrium reaction are determined by slope analysis. The enthalpy and Gibb’s enthalpy are studied by investigation of the effect of temperature. Regarding the experiments using leachate, the co-extraction of aluminum, cobalt, copper, iron, lithium, manganese, and nickel is studied, too. Moreover, the co-extraction of water is investigated as a significant increase in metal concentration in the raffinate is observed.
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