Recovery from COVID-19 Pneumonia in a Heart Transplant Recipient

Abstract

IntroductionSolid-organ transplant patients have a high risk of severe infection related to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2. There are limited data on COVID-19 presentation and clinical outcome in a cardiac transplant recipient.Case ReportA 54-year old woman a heart transplant recipient presented with symptoms of fatigue, excessive sleepiness and cough with phlegm for one week. She did not report any fever or shortness of breath. She had a heart transplant six months prior complicated by antibody-mediated rejection. She was treated with plasmapheresis, intravenous immune globulin, and high dose methylprednisolone. She could not have further scheduled RV biopsies due to the lockdown. She remained on a high dose of immune suppressive medication till her current presentation. Her medication included Prednisolone 20mg daily, Mycophenolate Mofetil (MMF) 1g bid, Tacrolimus 7 mg bid for a target FK level 10-15. On her current presentation to the hospital, she was found to be hypoxic, tachypnic, tachycardic with a BP 130/70. Her chest x-ray showed bilateral infiltrates. She had leukopenia 3.5 and lymphopenia 0.2, CRP 25, ferritin 1106, LDH 632, and IL6 87. She was started empirically on oseltamivir, vancomycin and piperacillin/tazobactam. Her COVID-19 PCR result was positive. Subsequently, she was started on Favipiravir loading of 1600 mg for two doses and a maintenance dose of 600 mg twice daily for 7 days. The MMF and tacrolimus were discontinued. The prednisone was switched to hydrocortisone 50mg IV q6h. Despite treatment, she had reduced level of consciousness and progressive bilateral lung infiltrates requiering mechanical ventilation. The multidisciplinary team discussed enrolling patients in the convalescent plasma study. The patient's family was informed and they agreed and consented to proceed with plasma therapy. Two units of compatible ABO plasma therapy was given for two consecutive days. Intravenous dexamethasone was started. She was extubated successfully after ten days. Given her marked clinical improvement, she was started on MMF 1g bid, and tacrolimus adjusted to the target FK level of 5. The patient was discharged home after three weeks of admission.SummaryThis case represents a recent heart transplant recipient who presented with COVID-19 pneumonia. Her treatment involved convalescent plasma transfusion, Favipiravir, dexamethasone, and reduction of immune suppression.