Abstract
Smart agriculture contributes to a sustainable society. Aiming to provide a self-powered solution for widely distributed sensor nodes in smart agriculture, this work proposes a piezoelectric galloping energy recovery system to recover multi-directional breeze energy in the environment. A galloping enhancement mechanism consisting of an optimal curved-sheet bluff body with a magnet-based bi-stable mechanism is constructed to enhance the energy output from the breeze. Breeze energy recovery is realized by a piezoelectric energy harvester utilizing galloping vibration. Aerodynamic simulations were performed to determine the optimal wide-arc ratio for the curved-sheet bluff body. The magnet-based bi-stable mechanism of three different configuration modes was analyzed and compared. The results of wind tunnel experiments show that the proposed energy recovery system can enhance output power compared to the traditional linear configuration under a breeze. The maximum output power and power growth are 2.81 mW and 49.5 % at 5 m/s wind speed, and a maximum output power increase of 673.3 % was achieved at 3.5 m/s wind speed. The feasibility of powering a low-power agricultural sensor was evaluated in an outdoor experiment. The energy recovery system will effectively manage multi-directional breeze energy recovery, achieving self-powered applications in smart agriculture.
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