Reconstrução mamária com retalho do músculo grande dorsal e materiais aloplásticos: análise de resultados e proposta de nova tática para cobertura do implante

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Breast reconstruction is distinct among plastic surgery techniques in that it requires the integration of several medical specialties as well as coordination with the patient. The aim of the present study was to analyze the results of breast reconstruction with the latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap, and propose a strategy for better coverage and positioning of the implant. METHODS: The study included 19 patients who underwent surgery between June 2006 and June 2009. Bilateral surgery was performed in 2 patients, and a total of 21 reconstructions were analyzed. The patients filled out a questionnaire on the aesthetic and functional aspects of the reconstruction. The complications, problems, and aesthetic improvement associated with the use of implants placed under a double layer of muscle were assessed. RESULTS: A low rate of complications was reported, and only one case required a new surgical intervention to reposition the implant in relation to the inframammary crease. After the procedure, 94% of the patients reported that their expectations had been met, 64% reported no functional limitations, and 18% reported mild limitations. The placement of implants (prostheses or expanders) under the pectoralis major muscle, using the latissimus dorsi muscle flap to cover the implant improved the breast contour by softening the inframammary crease and positioning the implants in the upper and medial quadrants of the new breasts. CONCLUSIONS: Breast reconstruction using silicone implants and the latissimus dorsi muscle flap can have excellent outcomes, with low rates of complications. Placing the implant under a double layer of muscle improves the harmony of the upper quadrants during breast reconstruction.