Reconstruction of postoperative defects using carbon nanostructured implants with intramedullary osteosynthesis after extremity long bone resection for primary and metastatic tumors

Abstract

Background. Recent studies have shown that a combination of surgery with chemotherapy and radiotherapy can signifcantly improve survival in patients with primary and metastatic bone tumors. Reconstruction of bone defects after resection of long bones is critical for successful functional limb salvage. The choice of the reconstruction technique depends on the tumor location, tumor extension, presence of pathological fracture, and somatic status of the patient. Reconstruction of bone defects in cases with diaphyseal tumor location can pose a surgical challenge. For the reconstruction of diaphyseal bone defects, endoprostheses, alloimplants, and autologous bone grafts are used. To achieve stability of the affected segment of the limb, various options for osteosynthesis are used. Modern technological achievements provide the emergence of materials with characteristics close to those of human bone tissue, however, without the disadvantages inherent in allo- and autologous implants. The purpose of the study was to improve surgical treatment outcomes in patients with long tubular bone tumors. Material and Methods. For the reconstruction of postoperative long bone defects, we used carbon nanostructured implants (СNI) in combination with intramedullary osteosynthesis with a blocked pin. A total of 25 patients underwent surgery (including 9 patients with a pathological fracture), 24 of them had metastases. Results. There were no intraoperative and postoperative complications. All patients had a signifcant decrease in pain 1 month after surgery. At 3 months after surgery, functional outcomes were satisfactory. None of the patients had a local recurrence, instability of the operated limb segment, or a reaction of rejection of a carbon nanostructured implant. Conclusion. Reconstruction of postoperative defects with carbon nanostructured implants after resection of long tubular bones for metastatic cancer provides good functional results and satisfactory local control.