Abstract
Oil spill phenomena in the ocean possess a very serious threat to ocean health. On the ocean surface, oil slicks immediately start to spread and mostly end up in the ecosystem. Furthermore, it could threaten the organisms living in the ocean or impact nearby coastal area. The aim of this research was to investigate the trajectories of oil spill based on a real accident in the Java Sea. Tracking oil spills using satellite images is an efficient method that provides valuable information about trajectories, locations and the spread intensity. The objective of this study was to periodically track the trajectory of the oil spill from the Karawang incident using Sentinel-1 Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images. Pre-processing of the images consisted of radiometric and geometric corrections. After the corrections, SAR images were mapped and plotted accordingly. To understand the oil spill trajectories in relation to the oceanic processes, the ocean current pattern map and surface wind roses were also analysed. The processed images from July to October 2019 show a trajectory dominated by the oil spill layers movement towards the west to northwest from the original location along with a decrease in the detected oil spill area over time. The identified trajectories of the oil spill followed the ocean current pattern and surface winds. Thus, these two parameters were considered to be the main factors responsible for the oil spill drift.
Highlights
Oil spills in the ocean are hazardous to the marine ecosystem (Kingston 2002; Paine et al 1996), they negatively affect the economy (Loureiro et al 2006; Osmanoğlu et al 2012), human health and society (Aguilera et al 2010; Major & Wang 2012) as well as tourism activities (Sulistiyono 2013)
The results of our work showed that the satellite Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images provided valuable information about the oil spill drift trajectories even for several months after the accident happened
Oil spills from the rig moved mainly towards the west to northwest from their original location, along the coastal areas
Summary
Oil spills in the ocean are hazardous to the marine ecosystem (Kingston 2002; Paine et al 1996), they negatively affect the economy (Loureiro et al 2006; Osmanoğlu et al 2012), human health and society (Aguilera et al 2010; Major & Wang 2012) as well as tourism activities (Sulistiyono 2013). Oil discharged in the ocean will immediately start to spread. Over time, it will get dispersed or degenerated by ocean processes that are collectively called weathering (Akkartal & Sunar 2008). Oil pollution in the ocean is challenging to clean and needs a long period to handle and manage, especially if they reach nearby coastal cities A study showed that coastal habitats need 20 years to recover from oil spills (Burns et al 1993)
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