RECONSTRUCTION OF GASTROINTESTINES AND ADJACENT STRUCTURES IN THE EARLY PERIOD OF HUMAN ONTOGENESIS

Abstract

The article describes the laying periods of: the stomach (embryos 4.5-5.0 mm long), the circular layer of the muscle membrane; gastric pits (embryos 14.7-15.0 mm long); gastric glands are formed in pre-fruits with a length of 66.0-68.0 mm. On the basis of graphic and computer reconstruction, the rotation of the stomach around the longitudinal axis of the embryo, the relationship of the stomach with neighboring structures – the liver, gall bladder, duodenum and pancreas – are studied. The fetal stomach undergoes heterogeneous and multifactorial rotation as a result of increased growth of the stomach wall on the left and increased gastric motility caused by the previous increase in the mesentery, and that the direction of rotation is determined by the forces exerted on the stomach and gastric mesentery by neighboring organs. The shape of the stomach is caused by a change in the dorsal-left sections of the tab, which leads to rapid growth compared to the ventroright sections. The cranial part of the stomach is wider than the caudal part. Uneven growth is observed not only in transverse, but also in cranial directions. The cranial part of the stomach is wider than the caudal part. A signifi cant change in the stomach occurs during 7.5 to 8.5 weeks. Due to the protrusion of the upper part of the large curvature, the bottom is formed. In an embryo of 4.5 weeks, the lumen of the loops of the proximal part of the intestinal tube has an oval shape and slightly exceeds that of the caudal part of the digestive tract. the topographical relationship of the stomach with the surrounding organs changes signifi cantly during the prenatal period of development. In embryos of 4.5-8.0 mm, the lining of the stomach is located deep behind the liver, which surrounds it on three sides. Dorsal to the stomach lining are the lining of the left adrenal gland, the left mesonephros, and the lining of the spleen. Cranially, the lining of the stomach abuts the lung to the left. At the end of the prenatal period, the diameters of the portal of the stomach, the portal canal, the bulb of the duodenum, the length of the portal canal along the lesser curvature and the portal canal along the greater curvature, and the size of the angle of the stomach were determined.