Abstract
Abstract. This paper presents the long-term analysis of flood occurrence along the southern part of the Upper Rhine River system and of 14 of its tributaries in France and Germany covering the period starting from 1480 BC. Special focus is given on the temporal and spatial variations of flood events and their underlying meteorological causes over time. Examples are presented of how long-term information about flood events and knowledge about the historical aspect of flood protection in a given area can help to improve the understanding of risk analysis and therefor transnational risk management. Within this context, special focus is given to flood vulnerability while comparing selected historical and modern extreme events, establishing a common evaluation scheme. The transnational aspect becomes especially evident analyzing the tributaries: on this scale, flood protection developed impressively different on the French and German sides. We argue that comparing high technological standards of flood protection, which were initiated by the dukes of Baden on the German side starting in the early 19th century, misled people to the common belief that the mechanical means of flood protection like dams and barrages can guarantee the security from floods and their impacts. This lead to widespread settlements and the establishment of infrastructure as well as modern industries in potentially unsafe areas until today. The legal status in Alsace on the French side of the Rhine did not allow for continuous flood protection measurements, leading to a constant – and probably at last annoying – reminder that the floodplains are a potentially unsafe place to be. From a modern perspective of flood risk management, this leads to a significant lower aggregation of value in the floodplains of the small rivers in Alsace compared to those on the Baden side – an interesting fact – especially if the modern European Flood directive is taken into account.
Highlights
The knowledge about the occurrence of floods in historical times, their meteorological causes and their distribution within the year does provide a deeper understanding of the natural variability of the severity of flood events by providing long-term knowledge about changes in the causes, frequencies and gravity of the floods as it had recently been discussed in detail, e.g., by Seidel and Bárdossy (2010) or Grünewald (2010)
The flood risk management of these smaller catchments lies within the responsibility of smaller communities while the large river systems are under control of larger and stronger administrative units
A second part deals with the vulnerability of HQ100 (HQX = discharge with a statistical annuality of X years) events and the possibility of incorporation of historical information into modern, integrated flood risk management
Summary
The knowledge about the occurrence of floods in historical times, their meteorological causes and their distribution within the (hydrological) year does provide a deeper understanding of the natural variability of the severity of flood events by providing long-term knowledge about changes in the causes, frequencies and gravity of the floods as it had recently been discussed in detail, e.g., by Seidel and Bárdossy (2010) or Grünewald (2010). Creeks and small rivers show a more direct response to the atmospheric forcing. They are much more susceptible to changes of land use or alterations of the floodplain due to an increase of settlements and infrastructure, as those alternations directly affect discharge. The flood risk management of these smaller catchments lies within the responsibility of smaller communities while the large river systems are under control of larger and stronger administrative units.
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