Reconstruction of a time‐dependent coefficient in nonlinear Klein–Gordon equation using Bernstein spectral method

Abstract

In this work, we present a spectral method for recovering an unknown time‐dependent lower‐order coefficient and unknown wave displacement in a nonlinear Klein–Gordon equation with overdetermination at a boundary condition. We apply the initial and boundary conditions to construct the satisfier function and use this function in a transformation to convert the main problem to a nonclassical hyperbolic equation with homogeneous initial and boundary conditions. Then, we utilize the orthonormal Bernstein basis functions to approximate the solution of the reformulated problem and use a direct technique based on the operational matrices of integration and differentiation of these basis functions together with the collocation technique to reduce the problem to a system of nonlinear algebraic equations. Regarding the perturbed measurements, the method takes advantage of the mollification method in order to derive stable numerical derivatives. Numerical simulations for solving several test examples are presented to show the applicability of the proposed method for obtaining accurate and stable results.