Abstract
The Fabaceae (legume family) is the third largest and the second of agricultural importance among flowering plant groups. In this study, we report the reconstruction of a composite comparative map composed of ten legume genomes, including seven species from the galegoid clade (Medicago truncatula, Medicago sativa, Lens culinaris, Pisum sativum, Lotus japonicus, Cicer arietinum, Vicia faba) and three species from the phaseoloid clade (Vigna radiata, Phaseolus vulgaris, Glycine max). To accomplish this comparison, a total of 209 cross-species gene-derived markers were employed. The comparative analysis resulted in a single extensive genetic/genomic network composed of 93 chromosomes or linkage groups, from which 110 synteny blocks and other evolutionary events (e.g., 13 inversions) were identified. This comparative map also allowed us to deduce several large scale evolutionary events, such as chromosome fusion/fission, with which might explain differences in chromosome numbers among compared species or between the two clades. As a result, useful properties of cross-species genic markers were re-verified as an efficient tool for cross-species translation of genomic information, and similar approaches, combined with a high throughput bioinformatic marker design program, should be effective for applying the knowledge of trait-associated genes to other important crop species for breeding purposes. Here, we provide a basic comparative framework for the ten legume species, and expect to be usefully applied towards the crop improvement in legume breeding.
Highlights
The legume family is one of the most agro-economically important plant groups, second only to the grass family, and contains 19,325 species and 727 genera, which is the third largest in the flowering plants (Lewis et al 2005)
We report the reconstruction of a composite comparative map composed of ten legume genomes, including seven species from the galegoid clade (Medicago truncatula, Medicago sativa, Lens culinaris, Pisum sativum, Lotus japonicus, Cicer arietinum, Vicia faba) and three species from the phaseoloid clade (Vigna radiata, Phaseolus vulgaris, Glycine max)
Almost all the cultivated grain legumes are derived from members of two clades within the Papilionoideae, galegoid and phaseoloid/milletioid
Summary
The legume family (the Fabaceae or Leguminosae) is one of the most agro-economically important plant groups, second only to the grass family (the Poaceae or Gramineae), and contains 19,325 species and 727 genera, which is the third largest in the flowering plants (Lewis et al 2005). The Fabaceae is divided into three subfamilies, Caesalpionoideae, Mimosoideae and Papilionoideae. The Papilionodeae subfamily is the largest (approximately 14,000 species within 476 genera), known to have evolved. Genes Genom (2017) 39:111–119 relatively recently, which is monophyletic, and includes most of important cultivated legume crops. Legumes are economically important because numerous commercial products are manufactured using these crops including cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, soap, resins, paints and lubricants
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