Reconstruction-based anomaly detection for multivariate time series using contrastive generative adversarial networks

Abstract

The majority of existing anomaly detection methods for multivariate time series are based on Transformers and Autoencoders owing to their superior capabilities. However, these methods are susceptible to overfitting when there is insufficient data. To address this issue, we propose a novel unsupervised anomaly detection framework, which seamlessly integrates contrastive learning and Generative Adversarial Networks. More concretely, we utilize data augmentation techniques that incorporate geometric distribution masks to expand our training data, thereby enhancing its diversity. Then, a Transformer-based Autoencoder is trained within a Generative Adversarial Network framework to capture the underlying distribution for normal points. Additionally, we incorporate a contrastive loss into our discriminator to effectively regulate the GAN and ensure good generalization. Finally, anomalies are detected based on reconstruction errors. Numerous experiments on five real-world datasets demonstrated that our proposed method can effectively mitigates overfitting issues and obtains superior performance compared to state-of-the-art approaches. In particular, our model could achieve an average improvement of 9.28% in Precision, 11.33% in Recall, and 11.73% in F1-score.