Reconstruction algorithm for tunneling ionization with a perturbation for the time-domain observation of an electric-field

Wosik Cho,Kyung Taec Kim,Jeong-Uk Shin

doi:10.1038/s41598-021-92454-y

Wosik Cho, Kyung Taec Kim + Show 1 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-92454-y

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Abstract

We present a reconstruction algorithm developed for the temporal characterization method called tunneling ionization with a perturbation for the time-domain observation of an electric field (TIPTOE). The reconstruction algorithm considers the high-order contribution of an additional laser pulse to ionization, enabling the use of an intense additional laser pulse. Therefore, the signal-to-noise ratio of the TIPTOE measurement is improved by at least one order of magnitude compared to the first-order approximation. In addition, the high-order contribution provides additional information regarding the pulse envelope. The reconstruction algorithm was tested with ionization yields obtained by solving the time-dependent Schrödinger equation. The optimal conditions for accurate reconstruction were analyzed. The reconstruction algorithm was also tested using experimental data obtained using few-cycle laser pulses. The reconstructed pulses obtained under different dispersion conditions exhibited good consistency. These results confirm the validity and accuracy of the reconstruction process.

Highlights

K.T.K. and W.C. are patent holders of the TIPTOE method, which was commercialized by SourceLAB
We present a reconstruction algorithm developed for the temporal characterization method called tunneling ionization with a perturbation for the time-domain observation of an electric field (TIPTOE)
We demonstrate a reconstruction algorithm developed for the TIPTOE technique

Summary

Result

Because ionization is highly nonlinear to the intensity of a laser pulse, the condition for the shortest possible duration can be determined by adjusting the amount of dispersion to obtain the maximum ionization yield. This condition is a good starting point for an accurate reconstruction. They show good agreement, confirming the validity and accuracy of the TIPTOE measurements and their reconstruction

Summary

Methods