Abstract
This work presents the three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of one of the most important archaeological sites in Galicia: “Aquis Querquennis” (Bande, Spain) using in-situ non-invasive ground-penetrating radar (GPR) and Terrestrial Light Detection and Ranging (T-LiDAR) techniques, complemented with infrared thermography. T-LiDAR is used for the recording of the 3D surface of this particular case and provides high resolution 3D digital models. GPR data processing is performed through the novel software tool “toGPRi”, developed by the authors, which allows the creation of a 3D model of the sub-surface and the subsequent XY images or time-slices at different depths. All these products are georeferenced, in such a way that the GPR orthoimages can be combined with the orthoimages from the T-LiDAR for a complete interpretation of the site. In this way, the GPR technique allows for the detection of the structures of the barracks that are buried, and their distribution is completed with the structure measured by the T-LiDAR on the surface. In addition, the detection of buried elements made possible the identification and labelling of the structures of the surface and their uses. These structures are additionally inspected with infrared thermography (IRT) to determine their conservation condition and distinguish between original and subsequent constructions.
Highlights
Spain is very rich in cultural heritage, with castles, walls, churches, amphitheaters and monumental buildings of outstanding workmanship spread all over the country
The aim of this paper is to show the results of a morpho-geophysical survey at the archaeological site of “Aquis Querquennis” (Bande, Spain) by means of Terrestrial Light Detection and Ranging (T-LiDAR) and ground-penetrating radar (GPR), complemented with infrared thermography (IRT)
The resulting model was only accurate at the points where the measurements were taken, leading to an approximate drawing. To overcome this setback, building dimensions were obtained from T-LiDAR orthoimages (Figure 6b)
Summary
Spain is very rich in cultural heritage, with castles, walls, churches, amphitheaters and monumental buildings of outstanding workmanship spread all over the country These structures are vulnerable to changing weather patterns and other environmental hazards, requiring special protection against these events for the sake of conservation [1]. Traces require adjustment to a common time-zero position, since thermal drift, electronic, instability, cable length differences or variations in the antenna air gap can cause “jumps” in the air/ground wavelength’s first arrival time. This is usually achieved using some particular criteria such as the air wave first break point or the maximum amplitude peak of the trace. The subtract mean trace filter was applied in this work with a percentage of 50%
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