Reconnoitering the relationship between “the sunshine Vitamin” and periodontal disease

Abstract

According to anthropological records, with a reduction in dietary intake of Vitamin D and reduced sun exposure, the prevalence of Vitamin D deficiency is increasing day by day. About 30%–50% of the general adult population has serum Vitamin D levels below the recommended values. Since its discovery of Vitamin D is always associated with regulation of calcium metabolism. Recently, it has been discovered that Vitamin D plays a role beyond this. Numerous evidences have indicated that the participants with Vitamin D deficiency are at a higher risk of bone loss, but they are also prone to many infectious and chronic inflammatory diseases. Through its effect on bone and mineral metabolism, innate immunity, and several Vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms, it is now believed that Vitamin D benefits periodontal health and its deficiency is associated with the periodontal disease. This review will examine these actions of Vitamin D, in particular, the role of Vitamin D in periodontal diseases.