Abstract
New requirements in communication technologies make it imperative to rehash conventional features such as reconfigurable antennas to adapt with the future adaptability advancements. This paper presents a comprehensive review of reconfigurable antennas, specifically in terms of radiation patterns for adaptation in the upcoming Fifth Generation (5G) New Radio frequency bands. They represent the key of antenna technology for materializing a high rate transmission, increased spectral and energy efficiency, reduced interference, and improved the beam steering and beam shaping, thereby land a great promise for planar antennas to boost the mid-band 5G. This review begins with an overview of the underlying principals in reconfiguring radiation patterns, followed by the presentations of the implemented innovative antenna topologies to suit particular advanced features. The various adaptation techniques of radiation pattern reconfigurable planar antennas and the understanding of its antenna design approaches has been investigated for its radiation pattern enhancement. A variety of design configurations have also been critically studied for their compatibilities to be operated in the mid-band communication systems. The review provides new insights on pattern reconfigurable antenna where such antennas are categorized as beam steering antenna and beam shaping antennas where the operation modes and purposes are clearly investigated. The review also revealed that for mid-band 5G communication, the commonly used electronic switching such as PIN diodes have sufficient isolation loss to provide the required beam performance.
Highlights
Reconfigurable antennas can be either reconfigured in terms of operating frequency, polarization, or radiation pattern [1]
This review focuses on the radiation pattern reconfigurable for 5G mid-band communication, the existing pattern reconfigurable antennas that designed within this frequency range are reviewed
Some approached had reported in [97] that achieved beam steering at 25◦ angle by used of 4 HPND 4005 RF PIN diodes for the reconfiguration mechanism that had embeds to the each of 4 parasitic elements
Summary
Reconfigurable antennas can be either reconfigured in terms of operating frequency, polarization, or radiation pattern [1]. Due to the 5G technology demand in beam steering and beam shaping, radiation pattern reconfigurable antennas are vital and being researched extensively. In 5G technology, the mid-band frequencies that defined from 1 to 6 GHz [2,3], is being widely used in many wireless technologies in particular, and the Internet of Things applications. Using the mid-band frequencies, low power consumption can be maintained when communicating within a short range of network devices [2]. The effectiveness of such systems is dependent on the level of multipath and interference [4,5]. Reconfiguration of the radiation patterns of antennas will enable the enhancement of signal strength and transmission efficiency [6]
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