Abstract
Strongly-interacting nanomagnetic arrays are finding increasing use as model host systems for reconfigurable magnonics. The strong inter-element coupling allows for stark spectral differences across a broad microstate space due to shifts in the dipolar field landscape. While these systems have yielded impressive initial results, developing rapid, scaleable means to access a broad range of spectrally-distinct microstates is an open research problem. We present a scheme whereby square artificial spin ice is modified by widening a ‘staircase’ subset of bars relative to the rest of the array, allowing preparation of any ordered vertex state via simple global-field protocols. Available microstates range from the system ground-state to high-energy ‘monopole’ states, with rich and distinct microstate-specific magnon spectra observed. Microstate-dependent mode-hybridisation and anticrossings are observed at both remanence and in-field with dynamic coupling strength tunable via microstate-selection. Experimental coupling strengths are found up to g/2π = 0.16 GHz. Microstate control allows fine mode-frequency shifting, gap creation and closing, and active mode number selection.
Highlights
Strongly-interacting nanomagnetic arrays are finding increasing use as model host systems for reconfigurable magnonics
Comprising discrete nanopatterned magnetic elements closely-packed in arrays to promote strong dipolar coupling, reconfigurable magnonic crystals (RMC) support multiple microstates and exhibit distinct microstate-dependent magnonic dynamics and spectra with diverse functional benefits
A subset of RMC has emerged based on artificial spin ice (ASI) arrays[17,18,19,20,21,22] where geometrical frustration gives rise to a vastly degenerate microstate space that features a long-range ordered ground state[23,24] and high-energy ‘magnetic monopole’-like excited states[25,26]
Summary
Strongly-interacting nanomagnetic arrays are finding increasing use as model host systems for reconfigurable magnonics. If the global-field Hext is oriented along the y-axis, reversing only wide-bars from a ^y-saturated state leaves the system in the antiferromagnetic type 1 state (Fig. 1g, k), which forms the ASI ground state with and without width-modification[23,42,43].
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