Abstract
This paper is concerned with the design of reconfigurable antennas based on pure water. Being a transparent, flexible, and readily available liquid, pure water can form a cylindrical stream that can be used to guide a leaky electromagnetic wave. By properly selecting the attenuation and phase constants of the leaky electromagnetic wave, the radiation characteristics of water antennas can be designed to suit different application requirements. By controlling the flow or size and shape of water, one can readily realize reconfigurable antennas of different operating frequencies, radiation patterns, and polarizations. Three novel antennas based on pure water are presented showing both simulated and measured results for their radiation performance. Topics that are worthwhile investigating in the future are also suggested.
Highlights
R ECONFIGURABLE antennas have been extensively investigated in the past decade and many innovative designs have been proposed by numerous researchers [1], [2]
Among a few mechanisms to implement an antenna’s reconfigurability, the mechanical method has the advantages of exhibiting large tuning range and maintaining the antenna’s good radiation performance after reconfiguration, though it has slow response compared to electrical switching
This paper presents a study of electromagnetic waves propagating along a cylindrical rod made of pure water
Summary
R ECONFIGURABLE antennas have been extensively investigated in the past decade and many innovative designs have been proposed by numerous researchers [1], [2]. NORMAL-MODE WATER HELIX ANTENNA Helical antennas are attractive in many wireless communication systems due to their simple structure, low cost, and excellent radiation performance It is normally wounded using a thin metallic wire and can be described by a few parameters: diameter D, screw pitch S, and number of rolls n [37].
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