Reconfigurable All-Band RF CMOS Transceiver for GPS/GLONASS/Galileo/Beidou With Digitally Assisted Calibration

Abstract

This paper presents a fully integrated reconfigurable all-band RF transceiver for GPS/GLONASS/ Galileo/Beidou in 55-nm CMOS. The transceiver incorporates three low-IF receivers (RXs) and one direct up-conversion BPSK transmitter (TX), which can be configured to receive any two global navigation satellite system (GNSS) signals or switched to process the Chinese Beidou(I) signals. A switching module is integrated to provide the connectivity between different RF front-end and IF channel (IFC), which will effectively simplify the design complexity of the IFC and save power consumption, while the GNSS signals are received. A flexible frequency plan with two frequency synthesizers is utilized to satisfy different local oscillator requirements of the transceiver. An optimized automatic frequency calibration scheme using an error compensation logic enables fast and high-precision calibration process for optimum phase-locked loop operation. Several digitally assisted calibration modules are integrated to ensure that the chip performance only shows a weak process, voltage and temperature (PVT) dependence. While drawing about 21.5–30.2 mA per RX channel from a 1.2-V supply, the RXs achieve an image rejection ratio more than 49 dB after I/Q mismatch calibration, an automatic gain control range of 88 dB, and an input-referred 1 dB compression point of better than −25 dBm with a minimum noise figure of about 2 dB. The output power of the TX is about 5 dBm with about 6% error vector magnitude (EVM) and 30-mA current from a 1.2-V supply. The whole transceiver consumes a die area of $2.8 \times 3~{\rm mm}^{2}$ .