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Abstract
In this paper, a new idea of reconfigurable 3/6 dB branch line coupler is proposed. The proposed coupler is tuned through a simple open and short circuit at the coupler’s branches’ edges. At the short edges case, a 3 dB branch line coupler is obtained. In this case, the coupler’s branches are considered as microstrip transmission lines with 0.3 mm slot width which is etched in each coupler’s branch. At the open edges case, the coupler’s branches are considered as asymmetric coupled microstrip lines. In this case, a 6 dB branch line coupler is obtained. Both CST and IE3D simulators are used to optimize the reconfigurable 3/6 dB branch line coupler dimensions. As a prototypes, two BLCs are designed, analyzed and tested at the “on” and “off” states at 2.5 GHz. The measured S-parameters confirm the proposed concept of the reconfigurable 3/6 dB branch line coupler.
Highlights
Branch line couplers, parallel coupled-line couplers, and rat-race hybrids are very important passive components in many wireless communication and microwave systems
The branch line coupler can be realized using planar transmission line, artificial transmission line [11] and nonuniform trans-mission line [12], but both of the artificial and nonuniform transmission lines are difficult in fabrications
The difference in dimensions between the theoretical results and numerical results (IE3D and CST software) is attributed to the fact that, in theoretical calculations, each of the boundary conditions and the coupling between adjacent branches are not taking into consideration which make the effective branches width seem be larger in size in the off state, the microstrip transmission section could be considered as asymmetric coupled microstrip lines
Summary
Parallel coupled-line couplers, and rat-race hybrids are very important passive components in many wireless communication and microwave systems. There are lots of applications of 90 ̊ hybrid and 180 ̊ hybrid branch-line tight couplers such as −3 dB or −6 dB coupler in modern microwave and millimeter wave communication systems. In [15], a miniaturization of the conventional branch line coupler was done by adding open stub to the series and parallel transmission line of the conventional 3 dB coupler Such design gives a better performance, it suffers from the decrease in the operating bandwidth. The same idea was used with replacing the traditional λ 4 lines with multi-T-shaped lines [16], but multi-T shaped lines affected the phase difference between the two output ports Another method without lumped components or DGS structure is applied to realize the miniaturization of branch-line coupler. A new idea of reconfigurable 3 6 dB branch line coupler is proposed, where it uses only a simple open and short circuit at branch line coupler edges to develop 3 dB or 6 dB branch line coupler
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