Reconciling verbal and nonverbal models of dyadic communication

Abstract

This paper examines two distinct theoretical descriptions of dyadic communication, the distance-equilibrium and reciprocity formulations, and shows that they carry divergent implications for changes that can occur in interpersonal relations. A review of relevant studies reveals ample support of each model. Reciprocity effects, first identified in disclosure research, also obtain for nonverbal aspects of interaction. Similarly, compensation effects initially discovered for nonverbal research also apply to disclosure. Several suggestions are considered toward reconciling these theories by delimiting their spheres of applicability. These include (a) the mediating role of attraction, (b) the tempo and perception of control over distance change, and (c) initial differences in the level of verbal and nonverbal variables.