Reconceptualizing Stigmas in Aged Care: A Typology of Stigmatizing Discourses in the Aged-Care Context.

Abstract

Stigmatizing discourses surrounding aged care is complex. The stigma associated with people working in aged care is often conflated with negative evaluations about older adults who receive care and/or the institutions and systems that provide these services. This lack of nuance hampers productive dialogue in gerontology required for making sense of the stigmas attached to entities and systems. We propose that an interdisciplinary approach drawing on gerontology, psychology, and linguistics would facilitate a greater understanding of the stigma of aged care. Specifically, a discourse approach underpinned by Stigma Theory and Systemic Functional Linguistics can clarify the different stigmatizing discourses associated with aged-care entities and systems, and inform priorities for interventions targeting each discourse category identified. APPRAISAL, a linguistics framework, was employed to analyze evaluative language in 660 submissions published in the Australian Royal Commission into Aged Care. Through applying predefined language-based criteria, we distinguished between multiple stigmatizing discourses that were interrelated but conceptually distinct in terms of attitude types and targets. Twelve categories of stigmatizing discourses derived from the linguistic analysis established a typology. This typology conceptualized different ways stigma can be meaningfully understood in the aged-care context. By employing this typology, 12 intervention priorities were also identified. This interdisciplinary approach enabled us to examine the diversity and complexity of the social construction of stigma in the public domain. We argue that understanding these linguistic patterns can assist with designing targeted aged-care interventions and policies.