Abstract
ABSTRACTThere is a lack of focus on the protective health effects of phytochemicals in dietary guidelines. Although a number of chemical libraries and databases contain dietary phytochemicals belonging to the plant metabolome, they are not entirely relevant to human health because many constituents are extensively metabolized within the body following ingestion. This is especially apparent for the highly abundant dietary (poly)phenols, for which the situation is compounded by confusion regarding their bioavailability and metabolism, partially because of the variety of nomenclatures and trivial names used to describe compounds arising from microbial catabolism in the gastrointestinal tract. This confusion, which is perpetuated in online chemical/metabolite databases, will hinder future discovery of bioactivities and affect the establishment of future dietary guidelines if steps are not taken to overcome these issues. In order to resolve this situation, a nomenclature system for phenolic catabolites and their human phase II metabolites is proposed in this article and the basis of its format outlined. Previous names used in the literature are cited along with the recommended nomenclature, International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry terminology, and, where appropriate, Chemical s Service numbers, InChIKey, and accurate mass.
Highlights
The complexity of foods and the accompanying limited information on dietary phytochemicals in metabolomics and dietary guidelines has recently been recognized [1]
Chemical/metabolite databases such as Phenol-Explorer, FooDB, ChEBI, and PubChem, metabolomics data repositories including HMDB and MetaboLights, and mass spectra databases such as Mass Bank, ReSpect for Phytochemicals, Golm, and Metlin contain fragmentary information that is far from a comprehensive overview of human metabolites resulting from consumption of phytochemicals
Plant-derived dietary compounds have a much greater metabolomic complexity in vivo than is currently recognized and, as a consequence, the metabolomes derived from plant foods are undercharacterized
Summary
The complexity of foods and the accompanying limited information on dietary phytochemicals in metabolomics and dietary guidelines has recently been recognized [1]. Plant-derived dietary compounds have a much greater metabolomic complexity in vivo than is currently recognized and, as a consequence, the metabolomes derived from plant foods are undercharacterized.
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