Abstract
We analyzed genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships among 124 HIV-1 and 19 HIV-2 strains in sera collected in 1986 from patients of the state hospital in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. Phylogenetic analysis of the HIV-1 env gp41 region of 65 sequences characterized 37 (56.9%) as CRF06_cpx strains, 25 (38.5%) as CRF02_AG, 2 (3.1%) as CRF09_cpx, and 1 (1.5%) as subtype A. Similarly, phylogenetic analysis of the protease (PR) gene region of 73 sequences identified 52 (71.2%) as CRF06_cpx, 15 (20.5%) as CRF02_AG, 5 (6.8%) as subtype A, and 1 (1.4%) was a unique strain that clustered along the B/D lineage but basal to the node connecting the two lineages. HIV-2 PR or integrase (INT) groups A (n = 17 [89.5%]) and B (n = 2 [10.5%]) were found in both monotypic (n = 11) and heterotypic HIV-1/HIV-2 (n = 8) infections, with few HIV-2 group B infections. Based on limited available sampling, evidence suggests two recombinant viruses, CRF06_cpx and CRF02_AG, appear to have driven the beginning of the mid-1980s HIV-1 epidemic in Burkina Faso.
Highlights
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is caused by two genetically distinct types of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), HIV type 1 (HIV-1) and HIV type 2 (HIV-2)
Seroreactivity and RT-PCR Amplification Of the 849 1986 Burkina Faso specimens from hospitalized patients, 172 (20.3%) were confirmed to be HIV-1 and/or HIV-2 seropositive by the INNO-LIA HIV Line assay
Monotypic HIV-2 was amplified from 11 seropositive samples, 10 (90.9%) in the PR region, and 1 (9.1%) additional sample was amplified in the HIV-2 INT region
Summary
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is caused by two genetically distinct types of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), HIV type 1 (HIV-1) and HIV type 2 (HIV-2). HIV-1 consists of four major groups, M, N, O and P, each resulting from separate cross-species transmissions from chimpanzees or gorillas to humans [1,2,3,4,5]. HIV-2, which is the result of 8 separate cross-species infections from sooty mangabey monkeys to humans, has been classified into genetically distinct groups designated A to H and are found primarily in West African countries, such as Guinea-Bissau, Senegal, Ivory Coast, Sierra Leone, Ghana, Mali, and The Gambia [15,16,17,18], but has spread to other non-African countries [19,20]. HIV-2 groups C-H are rare [21,22]
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