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Abstract
For bilinguals, it is argued that a cognitive advantage can be linked to the constant management and need for conflict resolution that occurs when the two languages are co-activated (Bialystok, 2015). Language mode (Grosjean, 1998, 2001) is a significant variable that defines and shapes the language experiences of bilinguals and consequently, the cognitive advantages of bilingualism. Previous work, however, has not sufficiently tested the effects of language mode on the bilingual experience. In this brief conceptual analysis, we discuss the significance of language mode in bilingual work on speech perception, production, and reading. We offer possible explanations for conflicting findings and ways in which future work should control for its modulating effects.
Highlights
The claim that the knowledge and use of multiple languages gives rise to cognitive benefits is a hotly debated area of research in psycholinguistics and bilingualism
Given that language mode plays an important role in language activation, it likely should be considered a modulating factor in the bilingual advantage debate
We offer ways in which studies investigating the cognitive advantages of bilingualism can consider the role of language mode
Summary
The claim that the knowledge and use of multiple languages gives rise to cognitive benefits is a hotly debated area of research in psycholinguistics and bilingualism (see Barac et al, 2014; Blom et al, 2017 for recent reviews). At any given point in time, and based on numerous psychosocial, situational, and linguistic factors, a bilingual must decide which language to use and how much of the other irrelevant language must be controlled or suppressed (Green, 1998). Given that language mode plays an important role in language activation, it likely should be considered a modulating factor in the bilingual advantage debate These possible effects have been unintentionally ignored, oftentimes by employing experimental designs that place and maintain participants in an intermediate mode. We offer ways in which studies investigating the cognitive advantages of bilingualism can consider the role of language mode
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