Abstract
The colour red has been widely used in miniatures as one of Persian art's most well‐known aspects, remarkable for its stability. This research investigates the preparation of vermilion as one of the most suitable colorants that produces red. Eight vermilion samples were reproduced based on three recipes from the Safavid era (1501–1736 ce) and colorimetrically compared with those vermilion targets selected from six Safavid illustrated manuscripts using the ΔE*ab colour difference formula. Results showed that the reproduced vermilions colorimetrically match the targets, while adding some ochre improves their tonality for colour‐matching purposes.
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