Abstract
Francisella noatunensis is a fastidious facultative intracellular bacterial pathogen that causes 'piscine francisellosis', a serious disease affecting both marine and fresh water farmed and wild fish worldwide. Currently two F. noatunensis subspecies are recognized, i.e. F. noatunensis subsp. noatunensis and F. noatunensis subsp. orientalis. In the present study, the taxonomy of F. noatunensis was revisited using a polyphasic approach, including whole genome derived parameters such as digital DNA-DNA hybridization, whole genome average nucleotide identity (wg-ANIm), whole genome phylogenetic analysis, whole genome G+C content, metabolic fingerprinting and chemotaxonomic analyses. The results indicated that isolates belonging to F. noatunensis subsp. orientalis represent a phenotypically and genetically homogenous taxon, clearly distinguishable from F. noatunensis subsp. noatunensis that fulfils requirements for separate species status. We propose, therefore, elevation of F. noatunensis subsp. orientalis to the species rank as Francisella orientalis sp. nov. with the type strain remaining as Ehime-1T (DSM 21254T=LMG 24544T). Furthermore, we identified sufficient phenotypic and genetic differences between F. noatunensis subsp. noatunensis recovered from diseased farmed Atlantic salmon in Chile and those isolated from wild and farmed Atlantic cod in Northern Europe to warrant proposal of the Chilean as a novel F. noatunensis subspecies, i.e. Francisella noatunensis subsp. chilensis subsp. nov. with strain PQ1106T (CECT 9798T=NCTC14375T) as the type strain. Finally, we emend the description of F. noatunensis by including further metabolic information and the description of atypical strains.
Highlights
Fish Health Research Group, Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Oslo, Pb 750 Sentrum, N-0106 Oslo, Norway address: Ridgeway Biologicals Ltd. a Ceva Santé Animale Company, Units 1
All the F. noatunensis subsp. orientalis were 100% identical but not all the F. noatunensis subsp. noatunensis were identical as the Chilean strain had a lower value i.e. 99.8% when compared to the European isolates
Values of 94.4-94.5% were found between F. noatunensis subsp. orientalis and F. philomiragia, and values of 96.7-97.0% were seen between F. philomiragia and F. noatunensis subsp
Summary
Fish Health Research Group, Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Oslo, Pb 750 Sentrum, N-0106 Oslo, Norway address: Ridgeway Biologicals Ltd. a Ceva Santé Animale Company, Units 1-. Francisella noatunensis is a fastidious facultative intracellular bacterial pathogen that causes “piscine francisellosis”, a serious disease affecting both marine and fresh water farmed and wild fish worldwide. Two F. noatunensis subspecies are recognised i.e. F_noatunensis subsp. The results indicated that isolates belonging to F. noatunensis subsp. Orientalis represent a phenotypically and genetically homogenous taxon, clearly distinguishable from F. noatunensis subspecies noatunensis that fulfils requirements for separate species status. With the type strain remaining as Ehime-1T We identified sufficient phenotypic and genetic differences between F. noatunensis subsp. Atlantic salmon in Chile and those isolated from wild and farmed Atlantic cod in Northern Europe to warrant proposal of the Chilean as a novel F. noatunensis subspecies i.e. Francisella noatunensis subsp. Atlantic salmon in Chile and those isolated from wild and farmed Atlantic cod in Northern Europe to warrant proposal of the Chilean as a novel F. noatunensis subspecies i.e. Francisella noatunensis subsp. chilensis subsp. nov. with the strain PQ1106T
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