Abstract
Kānaka Maoli (Native Hawaiian) worldviews of health emphasize pono (righteousness) and lōkahi (balance), which extends to include relationships with other people, akua (spiritual realm), and ʻāina (land). The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore the role of ʻāina and ʻāina connection in health and resilience based on the perspectives of 12 Kānaka Maoli adults from the Waimānalo community. Three major themes were identified: ʻĀina is everything, ʻāina is health, and community healing through community-led initiatives. A better understanding of ʻāina connection is important to improve our knowledge of Hawaiian health. A connection to ʻāina may specifically address health concerns resulting from historical trauma and environmental changes.
Highlights
Kānaka Maoli (Native Hawaiian; literally Indigenous people; used interchangeably with Kānaka) health encompasses more than physical and mental well-being
There is a pressing need to address health inequities experienced by Indigenous Peoples globally, including Kānaka Maoli, the Indigenous Peoples of Hawai‘i [5,6,12,13,14]
Connections with ‘āina will aid in addressing health inequities experienced by Kānaka Maoli that stem from colonization, that have increased displacement and disconnections to ‘āina. Holistic practices that integrate ‘āina-based connections and healing will help to strengthen relationships between
Summary
Kānaka Maoli (Native Hawaiian; literally Indigenous people; used interchangeably with Kānaka) health encompasses more than physical and mental well-being. Respected kūpuna (elders), Paglinawan and Paglinawan [1], and Hawaiian worldviews understand health to include the balance and well-being of spirituality, land, and people [2]. Kānaka Maoli health includes wellness of spiritual, physical, and mental health. An imbalance between the previously mentioned entities can cause sickness in an individual. An imbalance between spirituality, land, and people can cause sickness in individuals, families, and communities. The Kūkulu Kumuhana framework [3]
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