Abstract
“Location, location, and location”: according to this mantra, the place where living beings settle has a key impact on the success of their activities; in turn, the living beings can, in many ways, modify their environment. This idea has now become more and more true for T cells. The ability of T cells to recirculate throughout blood or lymph, or to stably reside in certain tissues, turned out to determine immunity to pathogens, and tumors. If location matters also for human beings, the inspiring environment of Capri Island has contributed to the success of the EFIS-EJI Ruggero Ceppellini Advanced School of Immunology focused on “T cell memory,” held in Anacapri from October 12, 2018 to October 15, 2018. In this minireview, we would like to highlight some novel concepts about T cell migration and residency and discuss their implications in relation to recent advances in the field, including the mechanisms regulating compartmentalization and cell cycle entry of T cells during activation, the role of mitochondrial metabolism in T cell movement, and the residency of regulatory T cells.
Highlights
This minireview is inspired by the EFIS-EJI Ruggero Ceppellini Advanced School of Immunology about “T cell memory” 2018 [1] and will expand in further detail two hot topics discussed during the course: T cell migration and residency
We recently set up a new flow cytometric method for the cell cycle analysis of CD8 T cells, which was based on the combination of Ki67 expression and DNA content analyses and allowed us to discriminate between cells in the G0, G1, and S-G2/M phases
By using this method together with a novel gating strategy for the analysis of actively responding T cells, we demonstrated that, at early times after vaccination in mice, cycling antigen-specific CD8 T cells were present in the blood, which is usually not considered a site of proliferation (Figure 1) [30]
Summary
If location matters for human beings, the inspiring environment of Capri Island has contributed to the success of the EFIS-EJI Ruggero Ceppellini Advanced School of Immunology focused on “T cell memory,” held in Anacapri from October 12, 2018 to October 15, 2018. In this minireview, we would like to highlight some novel concepts about T cell migration and residency and discuss their implications in relation to recent advances in the field, including the mechanisms regulating compartmentalization and cell cycle entry of T cells during activation, the role of mitochondrial metabolism in T cell movement, and the residency of regulatory T cells
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