Reciprocality of Electrical Conductance and Polarization in Their Frequency Dependence

Abstract

This paper presents the electrical polarization and conductance, which can be considered separately only at a constant voltage, while, in the alternating electrical field, they are two sides of the same process, namely, forced by electrical field inertial motion of partially bound and relatively free charged particles. To describe this process, the complex permittivity ε*(ω) = ε′(ω) − iε′′(ω) and the complex conductivity σ*(ω) = σ′(ω) + iσ′′(ω) can be used equally that is shown by the examples of dielectrics, semiconductors, and metals. As the frequency increases, the delay of polarization leads to an increase in the conductivity, while the delay in the electronic conductivity of a metal can be described by the negative permittivity. This possibility has been explored using the relaxation and the resonance models with the examples of dielectrics, semiconductors, and metals. It is shown that the semiconductor “conductivity”, supposedly arising instead of the delayed polarization is not adequate to the classical understanding of this parameter and can be considered only as the effective conductivity. The physical mechanisms of these transformations are explained.