Abstract
Abstract. Although tsunamis generated by submarine mass failure are not as common as those induced by submarine earthquakes, sometimes the generated tsunamis are higher than a seismic tsunami in the area close to the tsunami source, and the forecast is much more difficult. In the present study, reciprocal Green's functions (RGFs) are proposed as a useful tool in the forecast of submarine landslide tsunamis. The forcing in the continuity equation due to depth change in a landslide is represented by the temporal derivative of the water depth. After a convolution with reciprocal Green's function, the tsunami waveform can be obtained promptly. Thus, various tsunami scenarios can be considered once a submarine landslide happens, and a useful forecast can be formulated. When a submarine landslide occurs, the various possibilities for tsunami generation can be analyzed and a useful forecast can be devised.
Highlights
A tsunami is a serious hazard to coastal cities, and its forecast is essential for hazard mitigation
Based on Green’s functions (GFs; see, e.g., Wei et al, 2003), reciprocal Green’s functions (RGFs; see, e.g., Chen et al, 2012) or real-time direct simulation, the propagation of a tsunami is calculated over a short time period
Direct Cornell multi-grid coupled tsunami model (COMCOT) simulation is compared with an RGF approach and the results agree well with each other
Summary
A tsunami is a serious hazard to coastal cities, and its forecast is essential for hazard mitigation. Based on Green’s functions (GFs; see, e.g., Wei et al, 2003), reciprocal Green’s functions (RGFs; see, e.g., Chen et al, 2012) or real-time direct simulation, the propagation of a tsunami is calculated over a short time period. The coastal inundation can be obtained by real-time direct simulations, analytical solutions (see, e.g., Lin et al, 2014) or pre-calculated inundation maps (see, e.g., Gusman et al, 2014). The RGF approach was integrated, and an economical forecast system was developed to provide both offshore water surface elevation and an inundation map. The efficiency and robustness of these systematic analyses are superior to real-time equation solving, as has been shown in previous studies (Chen et al, 2015)
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