Recherches sur les tissus conjonctifs oculaires. La cornée et le corps vitré

Abstract

The authors, ophtalmologist (Y.P.) and basic scientists (J.L.-R and L.R.), collaborated on eye-research since 1962 on normal and pathological aspects of eye tissues, considered as specialized forms of connective tissues, and on specific aspects of the physiology and pathology of the eye. This date coincides with the foundation of the French Society of Connective Tissues, which celebrates the 50th anniversary of its creation. We shall present here some of our work on the ontogenetic and phylogenetic aspects of the cornea, on its structure, function and regulation in normal and pathological states, taken from a large number of publications of our laboratories. Our work on cornea started with the study of the morphogenesis of its lamellar structure, made of collagen fibers and proteoglycans. This led us to the isolation and characterization of structural (or matrix) glycoproteins, a new class of matrix components, present also in all other connective tissues, and to the study of their biosynthesis by keratocytes. Corneal wounds and regeneration were also studied, as well as some corneal pathologies such as keratoconus. The confrontation of quantitative morphological methods with biochemical procedures were to yield important results on the mechanisms of the maintenance of corneal structure and function. Another series of studies concerned the vitreous where we detected, besides previously characterized components, such as hyaluronan and collagens, fibronectin which plays an important role in the adhesion of hyaluronan to the collagen network. Its age-dependent modifications were also studied, with a special focus on the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated degradation of hyaluronan, especially important for the aging of the vitreous.