Abstract
Rechargeable metal-sulfur batteries show great promise for energy storage applications because of their potentially high energy and low cost. The multivalent-metal based electrochemical system exhibits the particular advantage of the feasibility of dendrite-free metal anode. Calcium (Ca) represents a promising anode material owing to the low reductive potential, high capacity, and abundant natural resources. However, calcium-sulfur (Ca-S) battery technology is in an early R&D stage, facing the fundamental challenge to develop a suitable electrolyte enabling reversible electrochemical Ca deposition, and at the same time, sulfur redox reactions in the system. Herein, a study of a room-temperature Ca-S battery by employing a stable and efficient calcium tetrakis(hexafluoroisopropyloxy) borate Ca[B(hfip)4 ]2 electrolyte is presented. The Ca-S batteries exhibit a cell voltage of ≈2.1 V (close to its thermodynamic value) and good reversibility. The mechanistic studies hint at a redox chemistry of sulfur with polysulfide/sulfide species involved in the Ca-based system.
Highlights
To meet the requirements for global e-mobility and grid-scale electricity applications because of their potentially high energy and low cost
(Ca–S) battery technology is in an early R&D stage, facing the fundamental tainability of current systems.[1,2,3]
The mechanistic in the earth’s crust and the resources are studies hint at a redox chemistry of sulfur with polysulfide/sulfide species involved in the Ca-based system
Summary
To meet the requirements for global e-mobility and grid-scale electricity applications because of their potentially high energy and low cost. Zhao-Karger Helmholtz Institute Ulm (HIU) Electrochemical Energy Storage Helmholtzstraße 11, Ulm D-89081, Germany on Ca metal.[7,9,10] At the same time, there is high demand for viable cathode materials capable of reversible Ca-ion intercalation in order to create a feasible rechargeable Ca battery.[7,8,9,11,12,13,14]
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