Abstract
The holy city of Lord Jagannath is situated on the sea shore of the Bay of Bengal in Odisha state in India. Puri is a city of high religious importance and heritage value, details of the rituals, fairs, and festivals, and related aspects are covered extensively. It is found that water levels in two wells (Ganga and Yamuna) are declining and the causes are studied by undertaking modeling study of rainfall-recharge processes, surface water–groundwater interactions, and increasing demands due to urbanization at basin scale. Hydrochemical analysis of groundwater samples indicates that pH value is varying from 7 to 8.4 and electrical conductivity (EC) is found in between 238 and 2710 μmhos/cm. The EC values indicate that the shallow groundwater in Puri is not saline. Stable isotopic signatures of O-18, Deuterium indicate two different sources are active in the city area. In most of the handpumps, water recharged by the surface water sources. From the current investigation, it is evident that in a few handpumps and most of the dug-wells, isotopic signatures of water samples resembles with local precipitation. The groundwater recharge is taking place from the north-southern direction. Visual MODFLOW has been used for studying groundwater aspects and different scenarios have been developed. It is suggested to maintain water level in Samang Lake to restore depletion in groundwater level in two wells.
Highlights
Puri, the holy city of Odisha has a remarkable value in the field of art, architecture, literature, religion, and tradition
Hydrochemical analysis of groundwater samples indicates that pH value is varying from 7 to 8.4 and electrical conductivity (EC) is found in between 238 and 2710 lmhos/cm
The EC values indicate that the shallow groundwater in Puri is not saline
Summary
The holy city of Odisha has a remarkable value in the field of art, architecture, literature, religion, and tradition. Puri is the seat of Lord Jagannath, the Lord of Universe. This place is an important religious centre for Hindus. The sanctity of the place is well known to all the pilgrims of the world. During the British Rule, Puri municipality was formed in 1881 as per the recommendation of D. During the period 1822–1826, Puri city was connected with Calcutta by road. Puri is an important ancient town of Odisha. It always attracts number of pilgrims, devotees, visitors, and scholars. Puri city occupies a high position in the sky of religious work. Its contribution in the field of religion and culture is far reaching
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