Abstract
In this study the expression of GnRH, FSH, LH, ER-α, ER-β, and PR receptors was examined in uterine myomas of women in reproductive and perimenopausal age. In cases of GnRH and tropic hormones a membranous and cytoplasmic immunohistochemical reaction was detected, in cases of ER-α and PR the reaction was located in cell nucleus, and in the case of ER-β it manifested also a cytoplasmic location. In some of the examined cases the expression was detected in endometrium, myocytes, and endothelium of blood vessels, in uterine glands and myoma cells. In myometrium the level of GnRH and LH receptors increases with age, whereas the level of progesterone and both estrogen receptors decreases. In myomas of women in reproductive age, independently of their size, expression of GnRH, FSH, and LH receptors was more pronounced than in myometrium. In women of perimenopausal age, independently of myoma size, expression of LH and estrogen α receptors was higher while expression of GnRH receptors was lower than in myometrium. FSH receptor expression was not observed. Expression of estrogen receptor β was not affected by age of the woman or size of myoma. Analysis of obtained results indicates on existing in small myomas local feedback axis between GnRH-LH-progesterone.
Highlights
Myomas represent the most frequently manifested nonmalignant tumours of female generative system, developing from smooth muscles
It was significant to recognize distribution of the studied receptors within myoma, since it has been suggested that the size of a myoma affects distribution of protein expression and, we examined expression of selected receptors in small and large myomas and defined the effect of female age on the expression level of the receptors
In the control group it was located in the endometrial epithelium, myocytes of blood vessels, myometrium, and cells of the endometrial connective tissue stroma (Figure 1)
Summary
Myomas represent the most frequently manifested nonmalignant tumours of female generative system, developing from smooth muscles. Depending on the sources of information, their prevalence ranges from 20% to 65%, to increase with age and reach the peak values during the fourth and fifth decade of life [1,2,3,4,5,6]. Myomas are seldom manifested before pubescence and tend to regress in the postmenopausal period [7, 8]. For many years vast amounts of data have been collected on the risk factors contributing to development of myomas. No unequivocal conclusion can be drawn for a single factor, as most frequently they occur together [9]. Taking into account that many of them involve the so-called modifiable factors, it becomes apparent that their interpretation sets forth numerous difficulties
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