Abstract
Abstract The use of cytoplasmic estrogen receptor to predict endocrine responsiveness in breast cancer patients is now well established. It is our contention that this pertinent clinical application is only the first of many contributions from receptor studies to the clinic. Efforts are now underway to examine the distribution of receptors within tumor cells, and in particular the significance of receptors in tumor nuclei in the absence of hormone. Also, the demonstration of a direct stimulation of progesterone receptor synthesis by estradiol in cultured breast tumor cells now permits a careful dissection of the complete estrogen response system which should provide clues to the mechanism of antiestrogen action in causing tumor regression. Finally, it is now evident that pharmacologic effects of steroids in breast cancer may be mediated through different pathways than expected from studies of normal physiology.
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