Abstract
Objective: To investigate the differences of receptor activator of nuclear factor- κ B ligand (RANKL) and Osteoprotegerin (OPG) expressions between normoglycemic and hyperglycemic Wistar rats ( Rattus Novergicus ) during Orthodontic Tooth Movement (OTM). Material and Methods: This study was true experimental with post-test group only. Thirty-two healthy male Wistar rats, weighted around 200-250 grams, 12-20 weeks old, were used as OTM animal study. They were divided into 2 groups (n=16), normoglycemic rats (normal blood glucose 80-120 mg/dl) and hyperglycemic rats (>250 mg/dl) induced by Streptozotocin with a dose of 30 mg in PBS injection intraperitoneally. A NiTi closed coil spring was mounted between maxillary first molar and incisors with the light force 10gf/mm 2 in both groups to induce OTM. The studied animals were then terminated on days 1, 3, 6, and 9, respectively, and premaxilla was extracted. RANKL and OPG expression were examined utilizing immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis. One-way ANOVA and Tukey HSD (p<0.05) were utilized to analyze the differences in the expression of RANKL and OPG between groups . Results: The hyperglycemic group on day 1, 9 rats showed a significant increase in the expression of RANKL, whereas OPG expression decreased significantly on days 1, 3, and 9 . Conclusion: There was a significant increase of RANKL expression and a decrease of OPG expression in hyperglycemic rats as documented immunohistochemically.
Highlights
Age and medical history are important points that dentists should consider before starting any orthodontic tretament in hyperglycemic patients
receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa ligand (RANKL) expression was observed in the osteoblast of alveolar bone in periodontal tissue of each study group (Figure 2)
The highest mean value of RANKL expression in the normoglycemic group was found on day 6 (N6) and the lowest mean happened on day 1 (N1)
Summary
Age and medical history are important points that dentists should consider before starting any orthodontic tretament in hyperglycemic patients. A metabolic disorder is one of the highly considered conditions in patients prior to hyperglycemic that often occurs in daily practice such as hyperglycemia. Chronic hyperglycemia can cause various complications, and it is commonly caused by Diabetes Mellitus (DM) type I. The most commonly found case is that patients do not realize that they have DM; most of them are found in clinics at an advanced stage, or this condition can arise after an orthodontic hyperglycemic is performed [1,2]. The incidence of type I diabetes is usually found at the age of 14 years; DM type I is called juvenile diabetes mellitus. The incidence of type II DM is usually found in patients aged 30 years and over, and the most commonly found are patients with an age range of 50-60 years. DM, as a chronic disease, can cause bone metabolic disorder, which is a decrease in bone mass and quality [6,7]
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