Receptive and expressive language performance in children with and without Cleft Lip and Palate.

Dionísia Aparecida Cusin Lamônica,Luciana Paula Maximino,Camila Da Costa Ribeiro,Mariana Jales Felix Da Silva-Mori

doi:10.1590/2317-1782/20162015198

Dionísia Aparecida Cusin Lamônica, Luciana Paula Maximino + Show 2 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1590/2317-1782/20162015198

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Abstract

To compare the performance in the abilities of receptive and expressive language of children with cleft lip and palate with that of children without cleft lip and palate with typical 12 to 36-month chronological development. The sample consisted of 60 children aged 12 and 36 months: 30 with cleft lip and palate diagnosis and 30 without cleft lip and palate diagnosis with typical development. The groups were paired according to gender, age (in months), and socioeconomic level. The procedures consisted of analysis of medical records, anamnesis with family members, and valuation of the Early Language Milestone Scale (ELMS). The chart analysis showed 63.34% of the children with unilateral cleft lip and palate, 16.66% with bilateral incisive transforamen cleft, and 20% with post-foramen cleft. Children with cleft lip and palate underwent surgeries (lip repair and/or palatoplasty) at the recommended ages and participated in early intervention programs; 40% presented recurrent otitis history, and 50% attended schools. Statistical analysis included the use of the Mann Whitney test with significance level of p <0.05. There was a statistically significant difference between the groups regarding receptive and expressive skills. The group of children with cleft lip and palate showed statistically significant low performance in receptive and expressive language compared with children without cleft lip and palate.

Highlights

Children with complete or incomplete cleft lip and palate (CLP), present higher risk to develop changes in language, data in literature are controversial[1,2,3]
Several studies along the past twenty years demonstrated that children with CLP show high variability of communication disorders[5] and many focus on speech related issues[5,6,7,8]
This cross-sectional study with a sample of 60 children, with ages ranging between 12 and 36 months, divided into two groups: experimental group consisted of 30 children with CLP (GCLP); and comparison group (CG): composed of 30 children without CLP with typical development, matched according to gender, chronological age and socioeconomic status[21]

Summary

Introduction

Children with complete or incomplete cleft lip and palate (CLP), present higher risk to develop changes in language, data in literature are controversial[1,2,3]. Studies showed[13,14] that communication changes occur mainly in expressive skills when the CLP is not repaired in appropriate ages, there is dependence of the surgical technique used and when there is the presence of hypernasality and difficulty articulating sounds[2,15]. Studies suggest that the presence of early hearing loss could explain the difficulties in the development of language in children with CLP[14,15]. Some studies have reported the relationship between hearing loss associated with otitis media with effusion in reducing language scores[16,17]

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