Abstract
Literature by the Arab diaspora in the United States has promoted dialectical interpretations of authors' cultural identities, balancing their ancestral cultural identities with those of their new country. In regards to the bicultural identity found in the Arabic-language poetry of Elia Abu Madi, it can be seen that the poet produced several discourses portraying a bicultural reality. The historical essence of Arabic diaspora literature is found not only in its social expressions and representations, but also in the interactions of Arabic and American culture that have produced a bicultural identity. It consists of five key concepts: sign analysis, which functions to reveal the meaning of signs or symbols in the material object; interpreter analysis, which functions to discover the correlations between authors' intents and readers' horizons of expectation; effect analysis, which functions to reveal the influence of literary works on their readers; reference analysis, which functions to reveal authors' repertoires; and context or conditions analysis, which functions to reveal the bicultural identity of authors. This research concludes that, in the author's bicultural identity, the United States is positioned as a prosperous country of dynamic multiculturalism, where people are passionate in their work and art. Meanwhile, Lebanon is positioned as a country where people live mechanically, facing hardship and minimal productivity owing to their lack of security. Conversely, although the United States is prosperous and safe, owing to its orientation towards religious pluralism, its people are more positivistic and material in their lives. They thus tend to ignore spiritual aspects.
Highlights
The cultures of various societies have diverse levels of development
Authors wrote of the lives they enjoyed in their new countries (Khafâjy, 1986, p.8)
Of the Arab writers who migrated to the United States, this study focuses on Elia Abu Madi, the poems he wrote while living abroad
Summary
Every culture has essential characteristics, which apply universally to all members of that culture—no matter where they are These essential characteristics are: (i) culture is manifested in and channeled through human behavior, (ii) culture exists before a generation's birth and lives on after that generation's death; though it may change, it will never disappear entirely Arab culture: (i) emerged as a result of Arab behavior, channeled through various cultural works, (ii) was preceded by an existing Arab culture, (iii) is practiced by Arabs in their everyday lives, and (iv) contains specific obligations, recommendations, and prohibitions. Arabic is intended to (i) guide interactions between Arab individuals and social groups, (ii) offer a means of channeling their feelings and life experiences, (iii) guide the Arabs in their lives, and (iv) distinguish between humans and animals (Berger, 1964).The core functions of Arab culture is to create meaning, guide the spirit and mind, and expand Arabia from a geographical region into a set of mutually supportive nations
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