Abstract
Advancement in the gene delivery system have resulted in clinical successes in gene therapy for patients with several genetic diseases, such as immunodeficiency diseases, X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (X-ALD) blindness, thalassemia, and many more. Among various delivery systems, liposomal mediated gene delivery route is offering great promises for gene therapy. This review is an attempt to depict a portrait about the polymer based liposomal gene delivery systems and their future applications. Herein, we have discussed in detail the characteristics of liposome, importance of polymer for liposome formulation, gene delivery, and future direction of liposome based gene delivery as a whole.
Highlights
E The gene therapy has shown great promise for the potential cure of several genetic disorders and appears to possess enormous therapeutic potential
It is supposed that the polyethylene glycol (PEG) forms a steric barrier surrounding lipoplexes, which stifles clearance due to compact macrophagocytes uptake [19], and may permit the liposome to overcome accumulation problems over mutually repulsive interactions between PEG molecules [73]
Choi et al [137] found that the comb-shaped polymer had a 5- to 30-fold increase in transfection efficiency compared to PLL on Hep G2 cells. They found that plasmid DNA/PEG-g-PLL complexes enter the cells through an endocytosis mechanism
Summary
E The gene therapy has shown great promise for the potential cure of several genetic disorders and appears to possess enormous therapeutic potential. It is supposed that the PEG forms a steric barrier surrounding lipoplexes, which stifles clearance due to compact macrophagocytes uptake [19], and may permit the liposome to overcome accumulation problems over mutually repulsive interactions between PEG molecules [73] These characteristics facilitate higher transfection efficiencies, increased bioavailability, due to larger available concentrations, and improved tissue distribution [74]. One hydrophilic polymer region, for example, PEG, is combined with PLL This block copolymer forms a complex with DNA, maintaining a low cytotoxicity comparable to the cation alone but with high solubility. It increases the transfection efficiency in cells, for example, in 293 cells (human primary embryonal kidney cells). They found that plasmid DNA/PEG-g-PLL complexes enter the cells through an endocytosis mechanism
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