Abstract
The goal of a biomaterial is to support the bone tissue regeneration process at the defect site and eventually degrade in situ and get replaced with the newly generated bone tissue. Biomaterials that enhance bone regeneration have a wealth of potential clinical applications from the treatment of non-union fractures to spinal fusion. The use of bone regenerative biomaterials from bioceramics and polymeric components to support bone cell and tissue growth is a longstanding area of interest. Recently, various forms of bone repair materials such as hydrogel, nanofiber scaffolds, and 3D printing composite scaffolds are emerging. Current challenges include the engineering of biomaterials that can match both the mechanical and biological context of bone tissue matrix and support the vascularization of large tissue constructs. Biomaterials with new levels of biofunctionality that attempt to recreate nanoscale topographical, biofactor, and gene delivery cues from the extracellular environment are emerging as interesting candidate bone regenerative biomaterials. This review has been sculptured around a case-by-case basis of current research that is being undertaken in the field of bone regeneration engineering. We will highlight the current progress in the development of physicochemical properties and applications of bone defect repair materials and their perspectives in bone regeneration.
Highlights
Bone, composed of collagen and calcium phosphate apatite crystals, is the second most commonly transplanted organ worldwide, which provides rigidity, strength, and a certain degree of elasticity to the living body (Turnbull et al, 2018)
The presence of nanobioglass in the fibrillar collagen network promoted the growth of HA crystals and maintained the porosity of collagen scaffold, which demonstrated that the mineralized scaffold had a favorable osteogenic potential for the calvaria bone defect repair (El-Fiqi et al, 2020)
The in vivo results indicated that poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA)/WS/calcium phosphate bone cement (CPC) could promote rapid angiogenesis and bone formation with good mechanical properties and cell com6patibility, which provided a new direction for the development of scaffold of bone defect repair materials
Summary
Guoke Tang1,2,3†, Zhiqin Liu2†, Yi Liu, Jiangming Yu1, Xing Wang4,5* , Zhihong Tan2* and Xiaojian Ye1,3*.
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