Abstract
The extraction of nanocellulose from lignocellulosic biomass provides a platform for the fabrication and implementation of new nanomaterials. Because of their nontoxic nature, biocompatibility, biodegradability, and admirable mechanical stability, nanocellulose-based hydrogels have emerged as promising materials in the field of biomedicine over the last decade. In this book chapter, recent advances in the fabrication of cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) and cellulose nanofibrils (CNF)-based hydrogels, as well as their biomedical applications, are outlined. Preparation methods and properties of nanocelluloses are mentioned first. Then, the characteristics of hydrogels and gelation mechanism are described. Furthermore, different processes for fabricating CNC- and CNF-based hydrogels were outlined. A variety of biomedical applications of CNC- and CNF-based hydrogels were also illustrated, including drug delivery, wound dressings, and tissue engineering scaffolds. Lastly, the possibilities and problems of CNC and CNF-based hydrogels in biomedical applications were discussed.
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