Abstract
Breast cancer is the leading deadly cancer and most commonly diagnosed in women. New technologies in supplement to existing imaging modalities improve breast cancer screening. This article contributes to identify the high potential device that suggested high accuracy and reliable tool for breast screening and also to examine new screening modalities. An improved imaging system which ensures early detection, non-invasive and radiation free is expected in diagnosis. Numerous imaging modalities like positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) imaging, ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), thermography, electrical impedance tomography and few others with recent developments show great potential for diagnosis. Some of the techniques aim for lesion detection and characterization with increased specificity and accuracy. In this paper, the capabilities of traditional and emerging breast imaging modalities used in breast cancer screening are summarized and their advantages and disadvantages are discussed.
Highlights
The most common type of cancer in women and one of the leading causes of cancer death are breast cancer
The risk of breast cancer has been associated with mutations in inherited high penetrance genes, age, a family or personal history of breast cancer, reproductive and hormonal factors, hormone replacement therapy (HRT), obesity, alcohol consumption, physical inactivity and exposure to ionizing radiation10,11
This section briefly describes the anatomy of breast, factors affecting breast cancer and signs, symptoms and efforts for possible treatment for breast cancer
Summary
Ultrasound is a diagnosing tool helps to differentiate solid mass from fluid filled masses using high-frequency sound waves. Breast ultrasound has been considered a useful tool in describing abnormality detected in mammograms especially in dense breast. Ultrasound is successfully used to support assessment of abnormalities detected by mammography, it should not be used as a sole modality for screening cancers. MRI is a non-invasive imaging modality which uses a powerful magnetic field and radio frequency pulses to reproduce detailed pictures of organs, soft tissues and bone. MRI is sensitive to artifacts leading to high false positive results. MRI is sensitive to artifacts leading to high false positive results52 It lacks specificity and identifies a potential lesion with enough specificity only when it is used along with other screening technique. A Noninvasive, painless and radiation free imaging modality that help in early detection and risk assessment. Detecting breast lesions on Detecting breast lesions by looking at and feeling each breast for possible lumps and swelling
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