Abstract
The promise of regenerative medicine and tissue engineering is founded on the ability to regenerate diseased or damaged tissues and organs into functional tissues and organs or the creation of new tissues and organs altogether. In theory, damaged and diseased tissues and organs can be regenerated or created using different configurations and combinations of extracellular matrix (ECM), cells, and inductive biomolecules. Regenerative medicine and tissue engineering can allow the improvement of patients’ quality of life through availing novel treatment options. The coupling of regenerative medicine and tissue engineering with 3D printing, big data, and computational algorithms is revolutionizing the treatment of patients in a huge way. 3D bioprinting allows the proper placement of cells and ECMs, allowing the recapitulation of native microenvironments of tissues and organs. 3D bioprinting utilizes different bioinks made up of different formulations of ECM/biomaterials, biomolecules, and even cells. The choice of the bioink used during 3D bioprinting is very important as properties such as printability, compatibility, and physical strength influence the final construct printed. The extracellular matrix (ECM) provides both physical and mechanical microenvironment needed by cells to survive and proliferate. Decellularized ECM bioink contains biochemical cues from the original native ECM and also the right proportions of ECM proteins. Different techniques and characterization methods are used to derive bioinks from several tissues and organs and to evaluate their quality. This review discusses the uses of decellularized ECM bioinks and argues that they represent the most biomimetic bioinks available. In addition, we briefly discuss some polymer-based bioinks utilized in 3D bioprinting.
Highlights
Regenerative medicine and tissue engineering have shown the ability to influence and impact patients’ treatment [1,2]
A literature search from the PubMed and MEDLINE was performed until July 2019 for relevant articles using the keywords including regenerative medicine, tissue engineering, decellularized articles using the keywords including regenerative medicine, tissue engineering, decellularized extracellular matrix, 3D bioprinting, bioink, cellular reprogramming, scaffolds, biofabrication, extracellular matrix, 3D bioprinting, bioink, cellular reprogramming, scaffolds, biofabrication, personalized medicine, and transplantation
One major disadvantage of cell-derived Decellularizedextracellular extracellularmatrix matrix (dECM) is that their composition and mechanical strengths might be slightly different from the native extracellular matrix (ECM) [118]
Summary
Regenerative medicine and tissue engineering have shown the ability to influence and impact patients’ treatment [1,2]. Regenerative medicine and tissue engineering have function of to lost, damaged, and for diseased tissues and organs has led scientists and clinicians to look offered opportunities solve this problem. One limiting factor for on 3D bioprinting scaffolds that help restore function over time by degrading and stimulating tissue regenerative medicine and factor tissueforengineering the slow approvalhasof ingrowth in vivo. Though the investment in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering has been incredible, the of safe in and reliable therapies and constructs have been slow. Different cells and biomaterials can be bioprinted into products for regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. Bioprinting decellularized tissue has one major advantage of the ability to control the position and placement of cells and biomaterials to produce scaffolds/constructs ability to control the position and placement of cells and biomaterials to produce or structures to optimize its use as a degradable/regenerative scaffold.
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