Abstract
Materials science has seen a great deal of advancement and development. The discovery of new types of materials sparked the study of their properties followed by applications ranging from separation, catalysis, optoelectronics, sensing, drug delivery and biomedicine, and many other uses in different fields of science. Metal organic frameworks (MOFs) and covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are a relatively new type of materials with high surface areas and permanent porosity that show great promise for such applications. The current study aims at presenting the recent work achieved in COFs and MOFs for biomedical applications, and to examine some challenges and future directions which the field may take. The paper herein surveys their synthesis, and their use as Drug Delivery Systems (DDS), in non-drug delivery therapeutics and for biosensing and diagnostics.
Highlights
Supramolecular chemistry, or “chemistry beyond the molecule”, has presented a new paradigm for molecular engineers [1,2]—an achievement that merited the 1987 Nobel Prize [3]
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) and their metal organic framework (MOF) cousins are exciting, medically relevant nanomaterials made possible by this new chemistry
One novel technique described by Tan [60] is an amorphous-to-crystalline transformation, whereby Fe3O4 nanoclusters are embedded in an amorphous polyimine network whose bonds were reconstructed under thermodynamic control to yield a covalent organic frameworks (COFs) shell
Summary
Supramolecular chemistry, or “chemistry beyond the molecule”, has presented a new paradigm for molecular engineers [1,2]—an achievement that merited the 1987 Nobel Prize [3]. The development of supramolecular chemistry has opened new subfields of nanoscience Nanoparticles such as liposomes, micelles, and other small polymers have already been designed for biomedical applications, such as drug delivery [5,6,7]. COFs have been demonstrated as agents for gas and small-molecule separation, adsorption, and detection [8] They can be made selective to particular gasses, such as CO2, CH4, and H2; and they may be mounted on a solid support like ceramic or Al2O3 [8]. Many applications of MOFs have been demonstrated, from catalysis to separation, to sensing, and back They have been validated as heterogeneous catalysts, in which either the metal center or accessible organic units function as the catalytic unit [27,28]. In view oof tthhee aabbsseennce ooff aa rreecceenntt rreevviieeww ooff CCOOFFss aanndd MMOOFFss ffoorr bbiioommeeddiiccaall aapppplliiccaattiioonns, tthhis study aims to ssurvey current work, and to eexxaamine some cchallenges and future directions the fifield may take
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