Abstract
The newest developments in propolis pharmacological research are summarized. The problem regarding biological studies, caused by the chemical variability of propolis, is discussed. The most important trends and developments in recent propolis research are outlined: biological studies performed with chemically characterized samples, bioassay-guided studies of active principles and comparative biological studies of propolis of different origin and chemical composition. These types of studies are extremely valuable with respect to propolis standardization and practical applications in therapy. They will allow scientists to connect a particular chemical propolis type to a specific type of biological activity and formulate recommendations for practitioners.
Highlights
Bees have been in existence for Ͼ125 million years and their evolutionary success has allowed them to become perennial species that can exploit virtually all habitats on Earth
To understand what causes the differences in chemical composition, it is necessary to keep in mind the plant origin of propolis
Recent trends in propolis research climatic characteristics of this site. This fact results in the striking diversity of propolis chemical composition, especially of propolis originating from tropical regions
Summary
The most important trends and developments in recent propolis research are outlined: biological studies performed with chemically characterized samples, bioassay-guided studies of active principles and comparative biological studies of propolis of different origin and chemical composition. These types of studies are extremely valuable with respect to propolis standardization and practical applications in therapy. They will allow scientists to connect a particular chemical propolis type to a specific type of biological activity and formulate recommendations for practitioners
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