Abstract
Hyperglycemia and insulin resistance are the two major hallmarks of T2DM, a metabolic disorder that is widely spread and severely threatening global public health. Of interest, treatment options for T2DM are also under significant advancements in the recent past, including medication, bariatric surgery, and lifestyle modifications. In addition, lifestyle therapies, including changes in eating and additional physical activities, substantially improve glycemic control, while pharmacotherapy provides a large number of drugs focusing on different components of the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes. Besides, over the past years, bariatric surgery has also been proposed as a possible alternative for intractable diabetics with extreme obesity. This paper seeks to shed some light on the changing roles in type 2 DM therapy by now revisiting the current modifications; ultimately, it is targeted at reducing the burden of the disease for improved patient outcomes and enlightening policymakers and healthcare professionals on the same.
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