Abstract

A major aspect of the problem of the evolutionary development of eukaryotic cells is that of the origins of mitochondria and chloroplasts. The discovery in these organelles of DNA and of biochemical systems for the synthesis of DNA, RNA, and protein has raised not only the problem of the extent of organelle autonomy within cells but also the possibility that these organelles arose as invasive prokaryotic symbionts. This chapter summarizes the present data on this subject and indicates some experimental approaches for the test of possible distant relationships of the organelles and modern prokaryotic organisms. Examples of the practical importance of this theoretical problem are given.

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